In other words, without as many water molecules to steal your heat, it wouldn't feel as cold. So here's the deal: Like any other planet, Mars sees a wide range of temperatures depending on the location on the planet and the time of year. Yes, it has seasons like Earth because of the tilt of its axis. So it's easy to say "it's colder than Mars" — and it could be true. But the reality is as nuanced as environmental variations throughout the cosmos.
This article was originally published by Futurism. Overall, Mars is cold—its average global temperature is around degrees Fahrenheit—and has a much thinner atmosphere than Earth. Temperatures also dip drastically from day to night because there is little to retain heat on the planet. While we experience temperature drops like that here on Earth—Shindell compared it to how hot desert climates cool substantially after sundown—it happens on a much different scale on Mars. Like Earth, Mars spins on an axis tilted about 25 degrees from its orbital plane.
Mars has no large satellite like the Moon, just its two small moons Phobos and Deimos. As a result, the tug of gravity from the Sun and the large planets causes a slow wobble in the tilt, or obliquity, of its axis.
During periods of higher obliquity, the atmosphere is thicker, dust storms are more intense, and water now trapped at the poles moves to the equatorial region to form mountain glaciers. An interesting side note; the inner moon, Phobos, makes a revolution around Mars in slightly more than seven hours. This means since it orbits Mars faster than the planet rotates, the satellite rises in the west and sets in the east if observed from the Martian surface.
Atmosphere and Weather: The Martian atmosphere is composed primarily of carbon dioxide. However unlike Venus, the Mars atmosphere is very thin, subjecting the planet to a bombardment of cosmic rays and producing very little greenhouse effect. Mariner 4, which flew by Mars on July 14, , found that Mars has an atmospheric pressure of only 1 to 2 percent of the Earth's. Temperatures on Mars average about degrees F.
However, temperature's range from around degrees F. Various probes over the past few decades have found the surface of Mars to be rather desert like. A fascinating panoramic view of the martian surface was taken picture below in by the Pathfinder mission. The surface is cratered, but not as much as our Moon or Mercury. The craters have probably been weather worn over the years by fierce windstorms, some of which can cover the entire planet.
These windstorms are common on the red planet, lifting rust-colored dust well up into the atmosphere encircling the entire globe. The rest of Mars has patches of green. But it is not clear what is producing this green color as it certainly is not vegetation. Evidence does exist in the terrain that water has eroded some of the soil. No flowing water is present today, but NASA announced on March 2, that the two rovers, Spirit and Opportunity confirmed liquid water once flowed on Mars.
The meteorite was dated back 4. At present, Mars' water appears to be trapped in its polar ice caps and possibly below the surface. Without a "thermal blanket," Mars can't retain any heat energy. On average, the temperature on Mars is about minus 80 degrees F ahrenheit minus 60 degrees Celsius. In winter, near the poles temperatures can get down to minus degrees F minus degrees C. A summer day on Mars may get up to 70 degrees F 20 degrees C near the equator, but at night the temperature can plummet to about minus degrees F minus 73 C.
NASA's Mars Curiosity rover measured air temperatures as high as 43 degrees F 6 degrees C in the afternoon, with temperatures climbing above freezing for a significant number of days. Frost forms on the rocks at night, but as dawn approaches and the air gets warmer, the frost turns to vapor, and there is percent humidity until it evaporates. The high humidity could help make Mars more habitable, if the water condenses to form short-term puddles in the early morning hours.
According to Rummel, the humidity of Mars is tied to temperature fluctuations.
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