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Congested skin refers to skin that becomes bumpy, irritated, and acne-prone. Learn what causes it and how to treat it. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Third Nipple supernumerary nipple. Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph. Symptoms and diagnosis Types Causes Third nipple removal Complications When to see a doctor Outlook Bottom line Overview A third nipple also called supernumerary nipples, in the case of multiple nipples is a condition in which you have one or more extra nipples on your body.
How can I tell if I have a third nipple? Removal isn't usually needed other than for cosmetic reasons or if the nipple causes discomfort, such as during breastfeeding.
Third nipples are sometimes referred to as:. There are six main categories of third nipples:. In some cases, people have more than one third nipple supernumary nipple and these can be of different types.
Both men and women may develop an extra nipple, and they are medically considered to be a minor birth defect. It's a fairly common abnormality, one that affects roughly one in 20 to 40 people. Third nipples sometimes occurs in families, but are more likely to be a random phenomenon.
Some cases are linked to other birth defects congenital disorders involving the heart or kidneys. A possible link between supernumary nipples and BRCA2 gene mutations was proposed in a study in which a brother and sister both had breast cancer, BRCA2 mutations, and bilateral supernumary nipples.
While an association is unknown at this time, those who have third nipples may consider asking their relatives about the presence of third nipples or any genetic testing for cancer risk they have done. Genome wide association studies in other species sheep have found loci in DNA that are associated with the development of supernumerary nipples, but thus far an association in humans has not yet been studied.
The breasts form early on in an embryo's development, typically during the fourth week of gestation. Milk lines , the first evidence of mammary gland development, appear soon after, at around the sixth week of development. These ridges arch down from the armpit to the groin on both sides of the body. As the breasts continue to develop, these lines eventually disintegrate, usually by about week nine.
Occasionally, however, milk lines will persist and may be connected to extra breast tissue and extra nipples. Extra nipples that are connected to breast tissue may sometimes produce breast milk after pregnancy. Supernumerary nipples are usually smaller than regular nipples. Scaramanga, an infamous Bond villain, had an accessory nipple, and this was what made him easy to identify.
Scientists named the Scaramanga gene after him; it's this gene that produces a protein called neuregulin-3 NRG3 , which provides a signal to embryonic cells telling them to become breast cells. If you have one or more extra nipples, you may wonder if this increases your risk for breast cancer. Any breast tissue you have, whether it appears in the standard location or elsewhere, is vulnerable to the same diseases that can affect typical breast tissue.
Extra nipples that occur alone are not attached to breast tissue may uncommonly be affected by a cancer of the nipples known as Paget's disease of the nipple. Paget's can sometimes also show up in the groin area lower end of the milk lines , where it is called extramammary Paget's disease EMPD. In most people, extra nipples are benign and—because they often occur below the breast—may never be noticed.
But if you know you have a third nipple, talk to your healthcare provider if you note any changes such as dryness or flakiness, a rash, or a lump. Not all nipple changes indicate breast cancer, but knowing which are expected changes and which are signs of disease is critical to your breast health.
Now that genetic testing is available for some familial breast cancers, it's important for people to be aware of third nipples at least those associated with breast tissue , as these areas will need to be monitored along with the two "normal" breasts, and considered when developing any treatment plans. Third nipples don't usually need to be removed, but sometimes people wish to have them removed for cosmetic reasons or if they cause discomfort.
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